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Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 26-37 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0668-1

摘要： The effect of oil shale semi-coke (SC) on the mineralogy and morphology of the ash deposited on probes situated in the flue path of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) which burns Zhundong lignite (ZD) was investigated. 10 wt% or 20 wt% SC was added to ZD, which were then combusted in the CFB furnace at 950°C. Two probes with vertical and horizontal orientations were installed in the flue duct to simulate ash deposition. Both windward and leeward ash deposits on probes (P W, P L, P W and P L) were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES, and a particle size analyzer. When ZD was burned alone, the P W deposit was comprised of agglomerates (<30 m) enriched in CaSO and Na SiO , incurring significant sintering. The P L and P W deposits, however, were of both discrete and agglomerated particles in similar mineral phases but with coarser sizes. The P L deposit was mainly fine ash particles where Na SiO and Na SO were absent. As SC was added, the agglomerates in both P W and P L decreased. Moreover, SiO and Ca/Na aluminosilicates dominated the mineral phases whereas Na SiO and Na SO disappeared, showing a decrease in deposit stickiness. Likewise, the P W deposit was found less spread on the probe, decreasing its deposition propensity. Na-bearing minerals turned into (Na, K)(Si Al)O and (Ca, Na)(Si, Al) O in the P W deposit. Moreover, Na in the deposits decreased from 32 mg/g to less than 15 mg/g as SC presented. The addition of SC would therefore help alleviate the propensity of ash deposition in the flue path in the CFB combustion of ZD.

关键词： ash deposition     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)     mineral transformation     oil shale semi-coke (SC)     Zhundong lignite (ZD)    

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A review on co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale to produce coke

Xiangchun Liu, Ping Cui, Qiang Ling, Zhigang Zhao, Ruilun Xie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 504-512 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1850-z

摘要： It has become the top priority for coking industry to rationally use and enlarge coking coal resources because of the shortage of the resources. This review focuses on the potential utilization of oil shale (OS) as a feedstock for coal-blending coking, in which the initial and basic step is pyrolysis. However, OS has a high ash content. If such OS is directly used for coal-blending coking, the coke product will not meet market demand. Therefore, this review firstly summarizes separation and beneficiation techniques for organic matter in OS, and provides an overview on coal and OS pyrolysis through several viewpoints (e.g., pyrolysis process, phenomena, and products). Then the exploratory studies on co-pyrolysis of coal with OS, including co-pyrolysis phenomena and process mechanism, are discussed. Finally, co-pyrolysis of different ranks of coals with OS in terms of coal-blending coking, where further research deserves to be performed, is suggested.

关键词： coal     oil shale     co-pyrolysis     coal blending coking     coke    

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Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

Tiezheng Tong, Kenneth H. Carlson, Cristian A. Robbins, Zuoyou Zhang, Xuewei Du

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1147-y

摘要：

• Shale oil and gas production generates wastewater with complex composition.

• Membrane technologies emerged for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater.

• Membrane technologies should tolerate high TDS and consume low primary energy.

• Pretreatment is a key component of integrated wastewater treatment systems.

• Full-scale implementation of membrane technologies is highly desirable.

关键词： Shale oil and gas production     Wastewater treatment and reuse     Membrane technology     Pretreatment     Academia-industry collaboration    

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Effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke

Yiqun HUANG, Yiran LI, Man ZHANG, Boyu DENG, Hao KONG, Junfeng WANG, Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Lingmei WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 320-327 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0674-3

摘要： Diffusion of oxygen in the ash layer usually dominated the combustion of oil shale semicoke particles due to the high ash content. Thus, effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer was a crucial parameter worthy of careful investigation. In this paper, the effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke was measured directly using an improved Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion apparatus. The experimental results showed that higher temperature would lead to a higher effective diffusivity and a thicker ash layer had the negative effect. Especially, the effective diffusivity along the direction perpendicular to bedding planes was much lower than that along the direction parallel to bedding planes. In addition, an effective diffusivity model was developed, which could be used to describe the mass transfer of oxygen in the ash layer of oil shale semicoke.

关键词： oil shale semicoke     diffusivity     pore structure     ash layer    

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页岩油气革命

Lance A. Davis

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第4期   页码 438-439 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.003

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济阳坳陷渤南洼陷页岩油气形成条件研究

张善文,王永诗,张林晔,李政, 朱家俊,巩建强,郝运轻

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第6期   页码 49-55

摘要：

通过大量地震、钻井、测井、矿物、地球化学、物性资料分析，认为济阳坳陷渤南洼陷古近系沙一段、沙三下和沙四上亚段页岩分布面积广，有机质丰度高，有机质类型以I—II型为主，有机质成熟度分布范围宽，具备形成大量页岩油气的物质基础，三套泥页岩全岩矿物组成中粘土矿物含量低，脆性矿物含量高，以碳酸盐含量为主，利于页岩油气的开采。页岩中压力系数高，各类微孔隙、微裂缝发育，从而容易形成网状的油气储存体系，利于页岩油气的保存。含油、水饱和度分析资料显示，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段12上—13上层组页岩中具有较高的单位岩石含油气量，是页岩油气勘探的有利层段，其中的纹层状泥质灰岩是最有利的岩石类型，具有较好的页岩油气勘探前景。

关键词： 页岩油气     古近系     陆相页岩     矿物组成     有机碳含量    

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古龙页岩油——揭示陆相页岩从生油到产油的另一个地学新领域 Article

何文渊, 朱如凯, 崔宝文, 张水昌, 蒙启安, 白斌, 冯子辉, 雷征东, 吴松涛, 何坤, 刘合, 孙龙德

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第28卷 第9期   页码 79-92 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.018

摘要：

大庆古龙页岩黏土矿物含量高达35%～45%，其粒径<0.0039 mm，石油流体横向流动性差，纵向基本不流动，因此古龙页岩一直被认为没有经济价值。近年来，我们从地球科学、渗流力学、热力学以及表面力学等多学科交叉研究入手，论证了古龙页岩油具高成熟度和高滞留烃的特点，高成熟阶段页岩排烃效率为32%～48%；有机质与黏土矿物复合体发育的孔隙与页理缝连通构成缝-孔组合储集体，是古龙页岩有利的储集空间；页岩油主要赋存在微纳米级别孔隙、层理缝与页理缝中，气油比高，可动流体饱和度中到高分布；页岩具高硬度、高弹性模量以及高断裂韧性特征，获得了古龙页岩勘探开发从生烃与储集理论创新到可动性、可压性、可采性等技术突破，实现了古龙页岩从生油到产油的重大转变，这对中国石油工业具有极其重要的科学价值和应用前景。

关键词： 古龙页岩     古龙页岩油     微纳米孔隙     页理缝     陆相产油    

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The Fast Road of Shale Gas Development in China —Reflections on Building a Special Test Areas for NationalShale Gas Development

Da-wei Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 364-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015062

摘要： China’s shale gas development has had a good start. It is necessary that the developers take advantage of the opportunity to make further efforts to promote shale gas development in China, in particular by rolling out a comprehensive plan on a national level. The author makes a proposal to establish a special shale gas test area in and adjacent to the Sichuan Basin as the most important way to promote the rapid development of shale gas in China. For this purpose, the author analyzes the current situation and problems of shale gas development in China, addresses the necessity and feasibility of establishing a special test area for shale gas development, and draws up the scope of this shale gas special test area of about 450 thousand square kilometers, covering Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and part of Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei provinces, and proposes the establishment of a shale gas test area in China. This consists of an overall plan, targets, and contents in 10 aspects, along with organization and implementation modes. The shale gas exploration and development in the shale gas zones is promoted vigorously by introducing special policies and innovating exploration, development and utilization model. While at the same time, the shale gas zones of continental facies in the Ordos Basin and marine-terrigenous facies in South Hubei Basin will be established. The experiences of the reform in the shale gas zones will be the good practice for the reform of petroleum organization system.

关键词： China     shale gas     exploration and development     reform     special shale gas test area (shale gas zone)    

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Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands

Kevin A. Kovalchik, Matthew S. MacLennan, Kerry M. Peru, John V. Headley, David D.Y. Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 497-507 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1652-0

摘要： Naphthenic acids are a complex class of thousands of naturally occurring aliphatic and alicyclic carboxylic acids found in oil sands bitumen and in the wastewater generated from bitumen processing. Dozens of analytical methods have been developed for the semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in water samples. However, different methods can give different results, prompting investigation into the comparability of the many methods. A review of important methodological features for analyzing total naphthenic acids is presented and informs the design of future standard methods for the semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids using mass spectrometry. The design considerations presented are a synthesis of discussions from an Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) led taskforce of 10 laboratory experts from government, industry and academia during April 2016 and subsequent discussions between University of British Columbia and ECCC representatives. Matters considered are: extraction method, solvent, pH, and temperature; analysis instrumentation and resolution; choice of calibration standards; use of surrogate and internal standards; and use of online or offline separation prior to analysis. The design considerations are amenable to both time-of-flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometers.

关键词： total naphthenic acids     environmental samples     oil sands process affected water     polar organics     mass spectrometry    

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of solid product produced from co-pyrolysis of Pingdingshan lean coal with organic matter in Huadian oilshale

Xiangchun Liu, Jun Hu, Ruilun Xie, Bin Fang, Ping Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 363-372 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1944-7

摘要： A mixture of Pingdingshan lean coal and acid-treated Huadian oil shale was co-pyrolyzed in a drop-tube fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300 °C–450 °C. To reveal the formation mechanism of the solid co-pyrolysis product, changes in some physicochemical properties were investigated, using analysis by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pore analysis, thermogravimetry, and electron spin resonance. X-ray diffraction showed that the lattice plane spacing for the co-pyrolyzed mixture decreased from 0.357 nm to 0.346 nm and the average stacking height increased from 1.509 nm to 1.980 nm in the temperature range of 300 °C–450 °C, suggesting that pyrolysis treatment increased its degree of metamorphism. The amount of oxygen-containing functional groups and pore volume decreased with increasing temperature. Thermogravimetry and electron spin resonance results showed that synergistic effects occurred during the co-pyrolysis process. A formation mechanism for the solid product was proposed. Hydrogen-rich radicals generated from the pyrolysis of the oil shale were trapped by hydrogen-poor macromolecular radicals of the intermediate metaplast produced from coal pyrolysis, thereby increasing the yield of solid product.

关键词： co-pyrolysis     coal     oil shale     electron spin resonance     mechanism    

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Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluidpetroleum coke

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1430-1

摘要： Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon (NAFSAC) was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke (FPC) and used as a support material for the synthesis of a NiMo catalyst (2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo). The catalyst was then used for the hydrotreatment of light gas oil. The support and catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction, H -temperature programmed reduction, NH -temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle like structure after functionalization with HNO . The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HNO functionalized material had moderate acidity, surface functional groups, and mesoporosity respectively. The produced NAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which make it a suitable support material for the preparation of a NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrotreating activity studies of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory trickle bed reactor using coker light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study was performed on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/ -Al O as a reference catalyst. The hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation activities of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were 62% and 30%, respectively.

关键词： activated carbon     fluid petroleum coke     NiMo catalyst     hydrotreating     light gas oil    

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Expulsive force in the development of CO

Haizhu WANG,Gensheng LI,Zhonghou SHEN,Zhenguo HE,Qingling LIU,Bin ZHU,Youwen WANG,Meng WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 1-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0458-6

摘要： With the rapid development of global economy, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO . In recent years, dominated by the governments around the world, several significant projects of CO sequestration have been conducted. However, due to the huge investment and poor economic effects, the sustainability of those projects is not satisfactory. Supercritical CO (SC-CO ) has prominent advantages in well drilling, fracturing, displacement, storage, plug and scale removal within tubing and casing, which could bring considerable economic benefits along with CO sequestration. In this paper, based on physicochemical properties of SC-CO fluid, a detailed analysis of technical advantages of SC-CO applied in oil and gas development is illustrated. Furthermore, the implementation processes of SC-CO are also proposed. For the first time, a recycling process is presented in which oil and gas are extracted and the CO generated could be restored underground, thus an integrated technology system is formed. Considering the recent interests in the development of enhancing hydrocarbon recoveries and CO sequestration, this approach provides a promising technique that can achieve these two goals simultaneously.

关键词： CO2 sequestration     SC-CO2 jet     well drilling     fracturing     oil and gas    

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Refrigeration cycle for cryogenic separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas

CHANG Kun, LI Qiang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 484-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0096-0

摘要： Ten billion cubic meters of hydrogen are dissipated to the environment along with the emission of coke-oven gas every year in China. A novel cryogenic separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas is proposed to separate the hydrogen and liquefy it simultaneously, and the cooling capacity is supplied by two refrigeration cycles. The performance of the ideal vapor refrigeration cycle is analyzed with methane and nitrogen as refrigerant respectively. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of methane refrigeration cycle is 2.7 times that of nitrogen refrigeration cycle, and the figure of merit (FOM) of methane refrigeration cycle is 1.6 times that of nitrogen refrigeration cycle. The performance of ideal gas refrigeration cycle is also analyzed with neon, hydrogen and helium as refrigerant respectively. The results show that both the coefficient of performance and figure of merit of neon refrigeration cycle is the highest. It is thermodynamically possible to arrange the refrigeration cycle with methane and neon as refrigerant, respectively.
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Comparison of combustion characteristics of petroleum coke and coal in one-dimensional furnace

Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Guangjie ZHOU, Huiqing WANG, Tongmo XU, Shien HUI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 436-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0059-0

摘要： The effect of primary air fraction , outer secondary air swirl strength and excess oxygen coefficient on the combustion characteristics of petroleum coke, Hejin lean coal and Shenmu soft coal are researched on a one-dimensional furnace using a dual channel swirl burner. The results show that with the increase in primary air fraction , the NO emission concentrations of both Hejin lean coal and petroleum coke increase, and the combustion worsens in the earlier stage, but the burn-out rate of Shenmu soft coal is improved. The NO emission concentration obtains a minimum value with an increase in . The ignition and burn-out rate of petroleum coke and Shenmu soft coal are optimal when Ω is minimum and Ω=0.87, respectively. However, both the NO emission concentration of petroleum coke and Shenmu soft coal are minimum when Ω=1.08. The increase in excess oxygen coefficient delays the ignition of petroleum coke, worsens the combustion condition and increases the NO emission concentration, but it greatly decreases the NO emission concentration of Shenmu soft coal.

关键词： petroleum coke     Shenmu soft coal     Hejin lean coal     combustion characteristics     experimental research    

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Optimal slot dimension for skirt support structure of coke drums

Edward WANG, Zihui XIA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第4期   页码 554-562 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0513-y

摘要：

The skirt-to-shell junction weld on coke drums is susceptible to fatigue failure due to severe thermal cyclic stresses. One method to decrease junction stress is to add slots near the top of the skirt, thereby reducing the local stiffness close to the weld. The most common skirt slot design is thin relative to its circumferential spacing. A new slot design, which is significantly wider, is proposed. In this study, thermal-mechanical elastoplastic 3-D finite element models of coke drums are created to analyze the effect of different skirt designs on the stress/strain field near the shell-to-skirt junction weld, as well as any other critical stress locations in the overall skirt design. The results confirm that the inclusion of the conventional slot design effectively reduces stress in the junction weld. However, it has also been found that the critical stress location migrates from the shell-to-skirt junction weld to the slot ends. A method is used to estimate the fatigue life near the critical areas of each skirt slot design. It is found that wider skirt slots provide a significant improvement on fatigue life in the weld and slot area.

关键词： coke drum     stress analysis     cyclic stress     fatigue life     skirt slots    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

期刊论文

A review on co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale to produce coke

Xiangchun Liu, Ping Cui, Qiang Ling, Zhigang Zhao, Ruilun Xie

期刊论文

Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

Tiezheng Tong, Kenneth H. Carlson, Cristian A. Robbins, Zuoyou Zhang, Xuewei Du

期刊论文

Effective diffusivity of oxygen in the ash layer of Huadian oil shale semicoke

Yiqun HUANG, Yiran LI, Man ZHANG, Boyu DENG, Hao KONG, Junfeng WANG, Junfu LYU, Hairui YANG, Lingmei WANG

期刊论文

页岩油气革命

Lance A. Davis

期刊论文

济阳坳陷渤南洼陷页岩油气形成条件研究

张善文,王永诗,张林晔,李政, 朱家俊,巩建强,郝运轻

期刊论文

古龙页岩油——揭示陆相页岩从生油到产油的另一个地学新领域

何文渊, 朱如凯, 崔宝文, 张水昌, 蒙启安, 白斌, 冯子辉, 雷征东, 吴松涛, 何坤, 刘合, 孙龙德

期刊论文

The Fast Road of Shale Gas Development in China —Reflections on Building a Special Test Areas for NationalShale Gas Development

Da-wei Zhang

期刊论文

Standard method design considerations for semi-quantification of total naphthenic acids in oil sands

Kevin A. Kovalchik, Matthew S. MacLennan, Kerry M. Peru, John V. Headley, David D.Y. Chen

期刊论文

of solid product produced from co-pyrolysis of Pingdingshan lean coal with organic matter in Huadian oilshale

Xiangchun Liu, Jun Hu, Ruilun Xie, Bin Fang, Ping Cui

期刊论文

Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluidpetroleum coke

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

期刊论文

Expulsive force in the development of CO

Haizhu WANG,Gensheng LI,Zhonghou SHEN,Zhenguo HE,Qingling LIU,Bin ZHU,Youwen WANG,Meng WANG

期刊论文

Refrigeration cycle for cryogenic separation of hydrogen from coke oven gas

CHANG Kun, LI Qiang

期刊论文

Comparison of combustion characteristics of petroleum coke and coal in one-dimensional furnace

Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Guangjie ZHOU, Huiqing WANG, Tongmo XU, Shien HUI,

期刊论文

Optimal slot dimension for skirt support structure of coke drums

Edward WANG, Zihui XIA

期刊论文